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 Electric
Scotland's Weekly Email Newsletter
Dear
Friend
It's your
Electric Scotland newsletter meaning the weekend is nearly here :-)
You can view what's new this week on Electric Scotland at
http://www.electricscotland.com/rss/whatsnew.php and you can
unsubscribe to this newsletter by clicking on the link at the foot
of this newsletter.
See our Calendar of Scottish Events around the world at
http://www.electricscotland.com/familytree/calendar_help.htm
It's your Electric Scotland newsletter meaning the weekend is nearly
here :-)
CONTENTS
--------
Electric Scotland News
The Flag in the Wind
The Scottish Nation
Clan and Family Information (Some complete books added)
Poetry and Stories
New Statistical Account of Scotland (1845)
Book of Scottish Story
Household Encyclopaedia
The History of the Highland Clearances
Arbroath and its Abbey
History of Curling
Annals of Garelochside
The Border or Riding Clans (New Book)
Beth's Newfangled Family Tree
Don't Shoot McIan - He's Doing His Best
ELECTRIC SCOTLAND NEWS
----------------------
We've had a glitch on our move to Michigan so now looks like it will
be end of July before we'll be moving. Will keep you up to date on
developments.
And due to the glitch that also put back our new site search engine
but hopefully that will be available next week.
On Saturday I attended the Scottish Studies AGM in Toronto. The day
was devoted to talks on Scottish Culture in the Diaspora and I got a
copy of the notes giving the biographies of the speakers and a
synopsis of their talks which you can read at
http://www.electricscotland.com/ssf/images/culture2008.pdf
A few of the speakers said they'd be happy to contribute an article
or two to the site and so will look forward to receiving them and
sharing them with you.
And as I got a few emails in suggesting it was time to cut my grass
just thought I'd mention I've now done that :-)
We did get some real golf ball sized hail this week which surely
made a mess with branches being knocked out of the trees. Just glad
I was inside when it happened.
A wee request from the MacIntyre Clan... they are looking for a
local photographer that would be prepared to take photographs of
their 4 day event around the Taynult Highland Games and even some
video. They would like to produce a DVD after the event for the
hundreds that are unable to make the event. They do have some budget
set aside for this so do get in touch if you or someone you know
might be interested.
We have now started on the Edinburgh volume of the New Statistical
Account of Scotland (1845) and thanks to Alan McKenzie for
volunteering to ocr this volume in for us. You can read more about
this in our regular section below.
The History of Curling will be completed next week and I intend to
start on the History of Tom Morris the famous professional golfer at
St Andrews. I will say the copy of this book was very poor and much
faded and it's taken some time to try and copy this onto the site.
ABOUT THE STORIES
-----------------
Some of the stories in here are just parts of a larger story so do
check out the site for the full versions. You can always find the
link in our "What's New" section at the link at the top of this
newsletter or on our site menu.
THE FLAG IN THE WIND
--------------------
This weeks Flag is compiled by Jennifer Dunn and she's covering
stories on Prime Minister Browns problems in getting legislation
through Parliament, ongoing discussions on getting a "Scottish Six"
news program and a traditional story on our infamous Scottish
midges.
In Peter's cultural section he's talking about...
 The
organiser’s of the 15th Scottish Traditional Boat Festival in
Portsoy have revived an old Scottish fishing tradition and banned
whistling in the run-up to the festival which runs from Friday 20 to
Sunday 22 June 2008. Last year the event fell foul of bad weather
which the organisers hope to avoid in 2008. Their tongue-in-cheek
suggestion arises from the old superstition that if you whistled at
sea or near the sea, you were mocking the Devil and he might
retaliate by sending gale-force winds. The festival, which is run by
volunteers largely from the town’s 1,800 population hope that the
‘whistling-ban’ will ensure that the 20,000 visitors to the event
will be blessed with good weather. The event features music, dance
and food as well as boating demonstrations. The theme for 2008 is
‘Salmon Cobles and Silver Darlings’ which reflects that in its
commercial heyday Portsoy handled both salmon and herring. Visit
http://www.stbf.bizland.com/2008/ for full details.
Other nautical superstitions dating back for centuries include a
suspicion of all things left-handed with seafarers encouraged to
lead with their right foot when stepping off their boat. Rats
leaving a ship was said to be a sign of trouble to come, but the
presence of a black cat was seen as a good omen for sailors. Pigs,
rabbits, salmon, meeting the minister were all included in Scottish
fishing superstitions in past centuries. When at sea words such as
minister, kirk, swine, salmon, trout, dog and certain family names
were never said. Substitute words were used eg the minister was
called ‘the man wi the bleck quyte’.
This column is not superstitious in the least but fingers-crossed
for good weather for the Portsoy festival – and the recipe contains
one of the banned fishing words – salmon!
And you can now purchase a Scots Independent T-Shirt, Scottish Flags
and books at
http://www.scotsindependent.org/shopping_mall.htm
You can read the Flag, listen to the Scots Language, enjoy the Scots
Wit and lots more at
http://www.scotsindependent.org
Christina McKelvie MSP's weekly diary for this week can be found at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/mckelvie/080612.htm
The Scottish Nation
-------------------
My thanks to Lora for transcribing these volumes for us.
We are onto the P's with Perth, Picken, Pinkerton and Pitcairn
A good story from Pitcairn...
PITCAIRN, a local surname, derived from lands of that name in the
parish of Leslie, Fifeshire. The family of Pitcairn of Pitcairn was
one of the oldest in that county. Piers de Pitcairn, their ancestor,
swore fealty to Edward I. in 1296. Nisbet (Historical and Critical
Remarks on Ragman Roll, appended to System of Heraldry, vol. ii. p.
38) states that he had seen charters of this family as far back as
1417, and adds: “Of them was Robert Pitcairn, commendator of
Dunfermline, secretary during the regency of Moray, Lennox, Mar, and
Morton; a great complier with everything uppermost, a great
timeserver, a great enemy to Queen Mary, and a very humble servant
of the regents. There is no memory of him remaining.” He was one of
the nine persons chosen by the regent Moray to accompany him to
England in 1568, when he went to justify his proceedings against
Queen Mary, and one of the commissioners for him during all the
conferences at York. Calderwood (Historie, vol. ii. p. 504) calls
him “a wise and trustie man.” He was appointed a lord of session in
1568, was often chosen a lord of the articles, and in 1570 was
secretary of state, which office he held during the three succeeding
regencies, and afterwards under James VI. After the assassination of
the regent Moray and the retirement of the lords of the queen’s
party to Linlithgow, the commendator of Dunfermline was sent
ambassador to Queen Elizabeth to solicit her aid against them, and
to signify to her that a regent would not be chosen without her
appointment or consent. In 1572 he was one of the commissioners
appointed to meet, “and conclude with the superintendents and
ministers in the kirk, or commissioners authorized by them, anent
all matters” relating to the church. The following year he was one
of the commissioners who signed the articles of pacification
concluded at Perth. IN 1578 he was sworn a member of the king’s
council. ON 28th January 1581, with the rest of the king’s
household, he subscribed the second Confession of Faith, commonly
called the king’s confession. He was one of the parties engaged in
the Raid of Ruthven in 1582, and in August of the following year,
when colonel William Stewart, (see PITTENWEEM, baron), had regained
all his favour with the king, the commendator of Dunfermline sent
him a velvet purse, containing 30 four-pound pieces of gold, and
desired friendship with him. The colonel straightway informed the
king, insinuating that it was a bribe that he might betray his
majesty, and divided the pieces among thirty of the guard. Every man
bent his piece and carried it hanging at his knapsack or hat, all
the way from Perth to Falkland, while the purse was carried on a
spear point, (Calderwood, vol. iii. p. 721). A few days thereafter,
the commendator of Dunfermline was apprehended at Falkland, where
the king then was, and confined in Lochleven castle, where he
remained about a month. He was set at liberty on 23d September, on
finding caution to remain in Dunfermline, and about six miles round
about, under a penalty of £10,000. On his death in 1584, he was
succeeded as commendator of Dunfermline by the master of Gray, on
whose extrusion in 1587, Henry Pitcairn became commendator.
You can read the rest of this article at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/nation/pitcairn.htm
You can read these entries at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/nation/p.htm
Clan and Family Information
---------------------------
I have acquired a pdf file of "The Clan Fraser in Canada" which is a
souvenir issue of the first annual gathering of the clan in Canada.
Marie Fraser kindly provided us with a full scan of the pictures of
Frasers in that file which was obscured in the scan. You can read
this at
http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/dtog/fraser.html
Came across a .pdf file of the book "Clan Ewing, it's early History
and Contribution to America". I have now added a page for this name
on the site which you can see at
http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/dtog/ewing.html
Discovered a pdf book about "The Clan Gillean" which I have added to
the site which you can get to at
http://www.electricscotland.com/webclans/m/maclean.html
Clan Muir have a new web site at
http://www.clannmuir.com/
Poetry and Stories
------------------
Donna has sent in more chapters for her story called "Chief" which
you can read at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/america/donna/chief/index.htm
Another doggerel from John Henderson called "Bonnie Cyprus Inchie"
which you can read at
http://www.electricscotland.com/poetry/doggerel265.htm
New Statistical Account of Scotland (1845)
------------------------------------------
The first volume I am dealing with is the one on Aberdeenshire.
There are some 85 parishes in this volume and a write up on each.
This week have added...
Parish of Coull
Extent, &c.—The form of this parish is irregular. As laid down in
Robertson's Map of Aberdeenshire, it resembles, in some measure, the
outline of Great Britain. Its average length may be about 6, and
breadth about 3 miles. It is bounded on the south, by Aboyne; on the
west, by Coldstone; on the north, by Tarland and Cushnie; and on the
east, by Leochel and Lum-phanan. A mountain-range, whose summits are
named Hill of Gellan, Mortlich, Leadhlich, and the Hill of Corse,
forms, in a great measure, a natural boundary between Coull and the
parishes of Aboyne and Lumphanan.
Antiquities.—One of those circles of stones standing upright, so
common in Britain, and called Druidical circles, may be seen on a
small hill called Tom-na-hivrigh, or the "Hill of worship or
justice." About the centre of the lands of Corse, there existed, at
a very remote period, a chapel called Turry Chapel. The traces of
its existence are still visible. The tradition regarding it is, that
it belonged to the " monks and friars." The castle or fortalice of
Corse was erected in 1581 by William Forbes, father of Bishop
Patrick Forbes of Corse. The walls of the castle still remain, but
in a ruinous condition. Upon a rocky eminence in the vicinity of the
church may still be seen the remains or rubbish of the Castle of
Coull. It appears to have been a fortification of considerable
extent and great strength, of square form, with large hexagonal
towers at its angles. The fosse may still be distinctly seen. It was
the seat of the Durwards,—a family once of great influence in this
district. It is a common saying still, that the church bell of Coull
rings of its own accord when a Durward dies.
You can read more of this account at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/statistical/keig.htm
On the index page of this volume you can see a list of the 85
parishes and also a map at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/statistical/volume12.htm
We have now also made a start at the Edinburgh volume and our thanks
to Alan McKenzie for doing this for us. We now have the first Parish
up...
Parish of Liberton
Extent and Boundaries.- The figure of this parish is exceedingly
irregular. It extends from nearly the eastern extremity of the
Pentland hills to within a few yards of the sea, near Fisherrow, and
from Edinburgh to within a mile of Dalkeith. It is thus nearly 7
miles long, and about 4 miles broad; In the centre, it is nearly
square, but towards the east it becomes very narrow, and runs out to
a sharp point for nearly two miles, between the parishes of Newton
and Inveresk on the one side, and Duddingstone on the other, in the
form of a wedge. [This irregular shape arises from the circumstance,
that this is, properly speaking, a united parish - the portion of it
beyond Craigmillar Castle having, in former times, been connected
with the chapel at Niddry.] It is bounded on the north and west, by
the parish of St Cuthberts; on the north-east, by Duddingstone; on
the east, by Inveresk; on the south-east, by Inveresk, Newton, and
Dalkeith; on the south, by Lasswade; and on the south-west, by
Colinton.
Account of the Parish.- There is a very elaborate account of this
parish, written by the Rev. Thomas Whyte, who was ordained minister
of Liberton in 1752, and published amongst the Transactions of the
Society of Antiquaries of Scotland. It will be found to contain an
elaborate account of all the places and important families in the
parish.
You can read the account of this Parish at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/statistical/liberton.htm
The index page for this volume can be found at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/statistical/volume1.htm
Book of Scottish Story
----------------------
Our thanks to John Henderson for sending this in for us.
This week have added...
"Mary Wilson" and here is how it starts...
Joseph Wilson was a farmer in the parish of D--. He possessed enough
of the goods of this world to make him be respected by all his
neighbours, and esteemed by them as the most careful, well-doing man
in the parish. Joseph knew well enough the value of his riches; but
still the jewel which was nearest and dearest to his heart was his
only daughter, the beautiful and innocent Mary Wilson. He loved
her—and his love was not greater than that of Marjory, his wife—more
than all he possessed; and when rallied by his neighbours on the
depth of his purse, he was wont to say, that the brightest guinea he
adored was the face of his own sweet Mary. While a child she was
indulged; and the smiles of her pretty round face, and her caresses
and kisses, gained all her little wants from her doting parents.
While the daughters of other farmers assisted in household
management, she was never required to soil her fingers, but would
skip and dance before her father over the fields and the meadows,
and sport as the little lamb round her parent. As she advanced from
childhood, her days were clad in the same fair livery of joy. She
danced and she toyed, and though no longer dandled and prattling on
the knees of her parents, she made them the confidants of all her
light amusements and secrets, and she sang to them all the legendary
ballads which she had picked up, and their hearts were still
gladdened in the little offspring of their wedlock.
You can read the rest of this story at
http://www.electricscotland.com/books/story/story53.htm
The other stories can be read at
http://www.electricscotland.com/books/story/index.htm
Household Encyclopaedia
-----------------------
Got up another four pages this week which contained...
Carnation, Carp, Carpet, Carpet Bag, Carpet Bedding, Carpet Sweeper
You can read these at
http://www.electricscotland.com/household/c.htm
Should you wish you can check out previous pages at
http://www.electricscotland.com/household/
The History of the Highland Clearances
--------------------------------------
By Alexander MacKenzie (1914)
This week we've added...
Notable Dicta
The Wizard of the North
A Continental Historian
Mr. Alfred Russel Wallace
A French Economist
Mr. Joseph Chamberlain
Hardships Endured by First Emigrants
An Evicting Agent
An Octogenarian Gael
Here is how the chapter on Hardships Endured by First Emigrants
starts...
The reader is already acquainted with the misery endured by those
evicted from Barra and South Uist by Colonel Gordon, after their
arrival in Canada. This was no isolated case. We shall here give a
few instances of the unspeakable suffering of those pioneers who
left so early as 1773, in the ship Hector, for Pictou, Nova Scotia,
gathered from trustworthy sources during the writer's late visit to
that country. The Hector was owned by two men, Pagan and
Witherspoon, who bought three shares of land in Pictou, and they
engaged a Mr. John Ross as their agent, to accompany the vessel to
Scotland, to bring out as many colonists as could be induced, by
misrepresentation and falsehoods, to leave their homes. They offered
a free passage, a farm, and a year's free provisions to their dupes.
On his arrival in Scotland, Ross drew a glowing picture of the land
and other manifold advantages of the country to which he was
enticing the people.
The Highlanders knew nothing of the difficulties awaiting them in a
land covered over with a dense unbroken forest; and, tempted by the
prospect of owning splendid farms of their own, they were imposed
upon by his promise, and many of them agreed to accompany him across
the Atlantic and embraced his proposals. Calling first at Greenock,
three families and five single young men joined the vessel at that
port. She then sailed to Lochbroom, in Ross-shire, where she
received 33 families and 25 single men, the whole of her passengers
numbering about 200 souls. This band, in the beginning of July,
1773, bade a final farewell to their native land, not a soul on
board having ever crossed the Atlantic except a single sailor and
John Ross, the agent. As they were leaving, a piper came on board
who had not paid his passage ; the captain ordered him ashore, but
the strains of the rational instrument affected those on board so
much that they pleaded to have him allowed to accompany them, and
offered to share their own rations with him in exchange for his
music during the passage. Their request was granted, and his
performances aided in no small degree to cheer the noble bandof
pioneers in their long voyage of eleven weeks, in a miserable hulk,
across the Atlantic.
You can read the rest of this chapter at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/clearances/47.htm
The other chapters can be read at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/clearances/index.htm
History of Curling
------------------
By John Kerr (1890)
Added another three chapters this week...
PART II. - MODERN CURLING.
Chapter IV. "The Mysteries"
PART III. - MISCELLANEA
Chapter I. Curling equipments
Chapter II. The science of curling
Here is a bit from The science of curling...
WHAT is the Science of Curling? The question was put to us by a
practical curler when he saw the heading of this chapter, and we
were not surprised when he added that he had never heard of such a
thing before. We are not responsible for the title. "The Science of
Curling-stones" might perhaps be a better one. But we are quite
prepared to defend it as it stands, and our readers, we are sure,
will see the propriety of keeping the subject separate from the "Art
of Curling," which falls to be treated in our next chapter. In
former times curlers generally took the material that lay nearest
them, and nearly every district of Scotland has at some time or
other furnished curling-stones. Now, when machinery has been
introduced for their manufacture, and the facilities of railway
carriage are so great, it is important to know where suitable
material for curling-stones can be found. In order to decide among
the varieties of stone found in different districts, it is necessary
to have some fixed standard or test by which to try the different
varieties. This is difficult to get. In Canada, where the ice is
keen the prime requisite is a stone that is not liable to break
under the excessive frost. This makes Ailsa popular there. At home
we have very often to play on dull ice, and this makes Ailsa popular
here. But Ailsa is too big for its weight when a Canadian wants to
do the port shot in his point game, and in keen ice at home it is
too keen. Burnocks, Crawfordjohns, and Plantrres are neither too
keen on keen ice nor too dull on dull ice, and for these reasons
they rank before Ailsas as true stones. Now, whatever our test may
be, when we come to decide among varieties of stone, it is apparent
that the science or exact knowledge of their composition and nature
must be useful. This is why we have made a "new departure," and
called in the assistance of an expert to throw light on the subject.
In the coloured plate which accompanies this chapter we have given
illustrations of the six kinds of stone most popular at the present
day. These six varieties will be found, we believe, to cover
two-thirds of the curling-stones now in use, the other third
embracing such stones as are found at Carsphairn, Tinkernhill,
Blantyre, &c. They have all been submitted to Professor Forster
Heddle, who, as one specially fitted to do so, has been asked to
explain their composition and to pronounce on their respective
merits.
You can read the rest of this chapter at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/curling/chapter10.htm
You can read the other chapters at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/curling/index.htm
Annals of Garelochside
----------------------
By W. C. Maughan (1897)
Have added...
Chapter IV
Row Estates; Battle of Glenfruin; Ornithology of Row; Topography of
Garelochside
Chapter V
Helensburgh; Its History, Institutions, and Inhabitants
Rosneath
Chapter I
History of The Clan Campbell, and its Connection with Rosneath
Chapter II
Topography of Parish; Sir William Wallace; "The Heart of
Midlothian," and Sir Walter Scott
Here is how Helensburgh; Its History, Institutions, and Inhabitants
starts...
THE flourishing town of Helensburgh has a fine situation on the
undulating slope rising from the shore opposite Greenock, and forms
a pleasing object in the landscape as seen from the deck of the
steamers sailing up the estuary of the Clyde. It was founded in
1777, by the superior of the land, Sir James Colquhoun, and was
named after his wife Helen, daughter of Lord Strathnaver, son of
John, Earl of Sutherland. The town is laid out after an effective
plan of feus; its streets are wide, intersecting one another at
regular intervals. From being a mere straggling row of humble houses
in the beginning of the century, mostly situated on the shores of
the shallow bay, the town has assumed the extensive proportions it
now displays. Along the shore, in front of the main street there
extends a sort of esplanade walk, with a break where the Established
church, and the street beyond intervene to vary its uniformity. From
this esplanade the various streets run far up the ascending ground,
and ranges of fine villas, some of a highly ornate style of
architecture, adorn either side. Handsome church spires arise from
amidst the verdant flowering gardens and clumps of trees, and, in
other parts of the town, the public buildings are worthy of the
prosperity of this popular place. 'While, from every coign of
vantage in the streets and terraces of the upper portion of the
town, there are gained delightful views of the Rosneath peninsula,
with its lordly castle, or palace, amidst stately fir trees, the
long stretch of purple moor, and clusters of plantations round the
shores of the Gareloch, the swelling forms of the noble Argyllshire
mountains in the background, and the winding, wooded slopes of Pow
and Shandon towards the north. Helensburgh, from its position,
enjoys a great deal of sunshine in summer, and sometimes, the
fervent heat is rather too much at the height of the season, unless
tempered with the refreshing sea breeze. It is a favourite place of
resort for those who wish to combine the pleasures of the town along
with rural scenery, as they can take the steamers which sail to some
of the romantic and beautiful islands and lochs in the Pest
Highlands. In summer also, the railway brings down thousands of
visitors, for the day, who throng the streets and esplanade, or wend
their way to Cairndhu park, from whence a prospect of the Gareloch
and opposite shores of Rosneath is obtained.
You can read the rest of this chapter at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/garelochside/chapter5.htm
The other chapters can be read at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/garelochside/index.htm
The Border or Riding Clans
--------------------------
By B. Homer Dixon (1889)
A new book which we're publishing and we've also made available a
pdf file of it as well. In a note at the start it says...
"The first edition of this little work was privately printed for the
writer's own family and friends only, but as several applications
were made for copies this enlarged edition has been placed in the
publisher's hands.
"Not having been originally intended for publication several
extracts were made without preserving the names of the authorities,
which the general reader will not require, but, as the dates have
been generally given, the critical reader will find no difficulty in
verifying my statements.
The first chapter starts...
By the word "clans" is generally if not almost universally
understood those of the Scottish Highlands, few being aware how
important a part our clans played during the Middle Ages, and I
trust, therefore, this little treatise concerning the Border, Riding
or Foraying clans, Dalesmen, Marchmen or Borderers, as they were
variously styled, may not prove uninteresting, as they have too long
been viewed through nineteenth century spectacles, and have,
moreover, been generally confounded with the Batablers or Baitablers,
as the English called them, or freebooters of the Debateable Lands,
[In a document of A. D. 1588, these are styled "sumtyme callit
Debettable."] whose hands were against every man and every man's
hands were against them. These frontier rievers, who in Scottish
legal documents were generally called bordour men or broken men,
acquired also about the time of James the First (1406-1437) the name
of Mosstroopers, from their living in the mosses of the country.
Previous to the union of the crowns in 1603, the borders and the
highlands were in a state totally different from the rest of
Scotland and were subjected to laws different from the remainder of
the kingdom. The feudal system, which formed the principal
groundwork of ancient law, both civil and criminal, had in those
districts a comparatively imperfect influence. The inhabitants were
divided into surnames or clans, who acknowledged no supremacy saving
that of their chief, chieftain or head of their name, who might
often be a person entirely different from their feudal superior or
over-lord as he was called in Scottish law.
The border clans have usually been considered as little better than
common thieves, none apparently reflecting that the actual state of
both England and Scotland was with brief exemptions one of chronic
petty warfare, nor upon the general state of society in those days
when the Bible and other books were almost unknown, for the first
printing press in London was only set up in 1476, and printing was
not introduced into Scotland until 1501.
You can read the rest of this chapter at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/borders/riding1.htm
The index page of the book is at
http://www.electricscotland.com/history/borders/ridingndx.htm
Beth's Newfangled Family Tree
-----------------------------
This should actually have been up last week but I forgot about it
and so my apologies. You can now read the June issue at
http://www.electricscotland.com/bnft/index.htm
Don't Shoot McIan - He's Doing His Best
---------------------------------------
An interesting article by James D. Scarlett and first appeared in
Clach na Faire, the Clan Shaw newsletter, Fall, 1996. It is
reprinted with the permission of the Editor,
Frank R. Shaw, FSA Scot, Dawsonville, GA, USA.)
You can read this article at
http://www.electricscotland.com/familytree/frank/mcian.htm
And that's it for now and hope you all have an enjoyable weekend :-)
Alastair
http://www.electricscotland.com
OUR NEWSLETTER ARCHIVES
-----------------------
You can see old issues of this newsletter at
http://www.electricscotland.com/newsletter/index.htm
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